Edward a



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1. E. A. BUCK.

DRIVING UALK.

No. 325,194. Patented Aug. 25, 1885.

N. PETERS, Phelo lilhugnphor. Walhinpom D (L (No Model. 2 Sheets-Sheet 2. E. A. BUCK.

DRIVING GALK.

No. 325,194. Patented Aug. 25, 1885.

llnirren firairrs PATENT Urrrcn.

EDWARD A. BUCK, OF BANGOR, MAINE, ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF AND El)- \VAltl) \V. VEAZIE, OF SAME PLACE.

DPLlVlNG-CALK.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 325,194=, dated August 25, 1885.

Application filed December 30, 1884. (X model.) I

the dotted lines showing the position of the Be it known that I, EDWARD A.BUGK, acititap and heel-lift when attached. Figs. 11 and zen of the United States, residing at Bangor, 12 are side views of the tap and heel-tap in 55 in the county ofPenobscot and State ofMaine, position to be attached to the sole of the boot. have invented a new and useful Improvement Fig. 13 is a modification.

in Driving-Calla; and I do hereby declare Ais aealk; B, a nut; O, a sole 5 E, aheel-lit't. that the following is a full, clear, and exact 1 a. is the point of a calk. b is the shank, cut description of theinvention, which will enable with a screw thread. c is a beveled shoulder 60 i others skilled in the art to which it appertains to the calk at any suitable angle and shape to to make and use the same. fit the countersink (I in the nut B. d is a My invention relates to calks for the soles i countersink in the aperture 0 of the nut B, and of boots, commonly known as driving at any suitable angle and depth to insure the calks, from the fact of their extensive use by fullest support, bearing, and friction-surface 65 lumbermen in driving logs in rivers and other to the calk A. 0 is the hole in the nut cut waters. with a female screw-thread. f is a flange or The object of my invention is to produce a flange-wings on theinside or back end of nut. calk which will be easily and readily fixed in g g are spurs or studs on the front side of the the sole of a boot, will hold more firmly in flange to drive or press into the tap and pre- 70 place than any calk heretofore invented, vent the nut from turning.

which may be removed and replaced with the In construction I form a calk of steel or any least possible trouble, and can be fitted to a suitable metal, having the point a preferably tap and heel-lift independently of any boot, square or angular in order to be readily and b and when sucl tap or heellift is attached to easily turned with a common hand-wrench or "5 the boot in the usual methods, whether by pinchers, or even by a piece of hard wood sewing, pegging, or wiring, the calks can be driven down onto them. This point is formed inserted at once, and strengthen rather than with the beveled shoulder c, and connected st ain and weaken the sole of the boot. integrally with the screw-shank I). Thebeveled In the accompanying drawings similar lctshoulderistormed to preservethefullstrength 8o ters refer to corresponding parts throughout f of the calks at the junction ofthe pointa with 0 the several views. I the shank b where the greatest strain comes,

Figure 1 is a view of the calk in elevation, and to support the point and render the calk showing the shoulder 0 designed to fit into 1 and nut more nearly integral in actual operathe countersink (l in the nut B, which may be 1 tion. The bevel and countersink also present X5 of any suitable desirable depth. Fig. 2 is a 1 a much larger surface for friction to prevent 5 sectional view of the flanged nut B. Fig. 3 is i unscrewing, and the bevel and countersink a view of a 011k and nut, the nut being shown I allow ot'screwing up harder to compensate for p in section. Fig. 4. is a sectional view of part i any wear of the thread of either nut or shank,

of a sole and tap and nut fitted together, the 3 should it be desirable to remove the calks fre- 9o calk being shown in full, as when fitted. Fig. quently.

4o 5 is a bottom of a sole with the tap and heell The calks are preferably made of steel, in lift fitted on, showing the pegging, and the order to allow ot' tempering or hardening, but squares or diamonds indicating the way in 1 may be made ot'any suitable material desired,

To all whom it may concern:

which the calks are generally inserted, more as, iorinstance, if used when handlingpowder 5 or less in number and different arrangements in magazines or store-houses they might be of position being used to suitindividualfancy. made of some softer metal, and frequently Figs. 6 and 7 are outline views of the tap and changed as the points wore oli'. heel-lift, respectively showing them as fitted The nut B, for convenience in inserting, is with the calks independently of the boots and formed round, and provided with the flange or 100 prepared to be fitted to any boot calks and all. flanged wings or armsf, having the spurs or Fig. 8 is a rear view of the nut, showing the studs gg projecting forward. The body of the flanges. Fig. 9 is a front view of the nut and nutB is not necessarily formed cylindrical, but flange. Fig. 10 is the foot and sole of a boot, may be formed angular, or ribbed on the outside, if preferred, but it is intended to be driven through the tap from the inside, a suitable hole or perforation being made for the purpose, so that the flange or flanged armsf, with the points or studsg g, shall be embedded in the back orinside of the tap. The nut may be made of suitable dimensions to properly fit any thickness or varying thicknesses of tap, so that the front end of the nut will come just to the outside surface of the tap when attached to the boot, or to come sutfieiently below the surface of the tap to allow for wear if the calks should be taken out. It is not necessary that the taps should be made of a single thickness, or lift, or layer, but the nuts may be just as well applied to taps composed of several thicknesses.

The nut 13 is formed with the flangef or flanged armsff, in order that when the body of the nut is.pressed through the tap the flangef may bear against the inner face of the tap, and by its increased surface of leverage support the body of the nut and render it firm in position and prevent any possibility of tipping. and, in the usual parlance, make the calk stand up. A s the tap would usually be dampened, the studs are easily forced into the leather, and the flange is pressed down level with the surface. The studsg g prevent the nut from turning, but if flanged arms are used the studs 9 g may be dispensed with, the arms alone being pressed into the leather preventing; any turning. This nut may be used in other material thanleather, as, for instance, in rubber, and in that case the form of the nut and flanges might quite as well or preferably bevaried, or the nut used without flanges. The shank bis formed longer than the thickness or depth of the nut and gimletpointed, so that it may screw into the inner sole, thereby holding the tap and sole firmly together at theplaceofinsertion and strengthening the whole sole and rendering it stronger than any pegging usually applied in the ball of the foot and central parts of the heel. By passing through the tap and screwing into the sole the two parts are so firmly held together that the flange is nearly as much supported by its bearing against the sole as against the tap, much in the same manner as anything is held in a vise by the pressure of both jaws. The

points are not necessarily formed angular for their whole length, but may be formed angular at the shoulder a and rounded to the point if desirable or the whole point may-be formed round and flattened on two sides at the shoulders, or provided with ribs or projections at the shoulders to facilitateinserting and removal.

I am aware that driving-calks have been made and used with an infinite variety of shanks, and that removable calks or creepers with screw-threaded nuts attached to the tapsole have also been patented in the case of patent to Pollard, No. 19,205, January 26, 1858, and Hutchinson, No. 68,881, September 17, 1867, ice-creepers. I therefore do not claim a driving-calk, broadly, and disclaim all relevance to the two patents referred to; but

hat I do claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a removablecalk designed for use in the soles of rubber or leather boots and shoes, the combination of the point a, suitably-tapering shoulder c, and gimlet pointed screw-shank I), constructed and combined in a calk adapted to fit and screw into and through the nut B and screw more or less into the sole of a boot or shoe, as shown and described.

2. In a removable calk. provided with a screw-threaded nut, and designed for use in the soles ofleather or rubber boots and shoes, the flanged holding nut B, provided with arms ff and studs 1 g, and the aperture 0, reamed out or countersunk at d to fit the beveled shoulder 0 and shank b of the calk A and adapted to fit into the sole of a leather or rubber boot or shoe and hold the calk A, and prevent it from tipping, as shown and described.

3. In a removable calk provided with a flanged holding nut, and designed for use in the soles and taps of leather or rubber boots or shoes, the flanged holding nut B, provided with the spurs g and calk A, in combination with the sole or tap-sole of a leather or rubber boot'or shoe, as shown and described.

151) WARD A. BUCK. \Vitnesses:

PATRICK Gonnnns, FRED. H. Uoonns. 

